Routing

🔥 Hot Tips

• You don’t need app = Tina4() in route files – just import get, post, etc. directly
• All route handlers must be async def – Tina4 is 100% async-native
• Path parameters are auto-injected in the exact order they appear in the URL
• Use type hints: {id:int}, {price:float}, {path:path} – Tina4 converts them automatically
• request and response are automatically added as the last arguments if you don’t declare them
• Save files in a routes/ folder → auto-discovered, zero config needed
• Stack decorators freely: @get("/users") @post("/users") works on the same function
• Use @describe("...") for beautiful Swagger docs

The routing system in Tina4 Python is decorator-driven, fully async-ready, and designed for clarity and speed. Routes are defined using imported method decorators directly — no app instance required in route files.

Core Imports

from tina4_python import get, post, put, delete, patch, options
from tina4_python import middleware, description, secured
from tina4_python import HTTP_OK, HTTP_FORBIDDEN, HTTP_BAD_REQUEST

Basic Route Definition

@get("/hello")
async def hello_world(request, response):
    return response("Hello, Tina4 Python!")

Stack multiple HTTP methods on one handler:

@get("/users")
@post("/users")
async def users_handler(request, response):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return response({"users": [...]})
    return response({"created": True})

Route Parameters (Dynamic Paths)

@get("/users/{id}")
async def get_user(id: str, request, response):
    return response({"user_id": id})

# With automatic type conversion
@get("/users/{id:int}")
async def get_user_int(id: int, request, response):
    return response({"user_id": id, "type": type(id).__name__})

# Multiple parameters + path (greedy)
@get("/files/{filepath:str}")
async def serve_file(filepath: str, request, response):
    return response.file(filepath)

Supported converters: int, float, str (default), path

Query Parameters

@get("/search")
async def search(request, response):
    q = request.params.get("q", "world")
    page = request.params.get("page", 1, type=int)
    return response(f"Searching '{q}' – page {page}")

Prefixes & File Organization

Just use the path you want – no special prefix decorator needed:

@get("/admin/dashboard")
async def admin_dashboard(request, response):
    return response("Admin Area")

Put files in routes/admin_routes.py → auto-loaded.

Middleware

class AuthMiddleware:
    @staticmethod
    def before_route(request, response):
        if request.headers.get("authorization") != "Bearer secret123":
            response.status = 401
            return request, response  # stops chain
        return request, response

    @staticmethod
    def after_route(request, response):
        response.add_header("X-Powered-By", "Tina4")
        return request, response

@middleware(AuthMiddleware)
@get("/protected")
async def protected_route(request, response):
    return response("Top secret data")

Metadata & Swagger

@get("/api/users")
@description("Retrieve the full list of users") # see the full list under Swagger link
async def list_users(request, response):
    return response({"users": [...]})

Secured Routes

@secured()
@get("/profile")
async def profile(request, response):
    return response({"user": request.user})

Response Helpers

return response({"json": "yes"})                        # application/json
return response("<h1>Hello</h1>")                       # text/html
return response.redirect("/login")                      # 302
return response.file("report.pdf", "uploads")           # send/file download
return response.render("index.twig", {"title": "Home"})
return response("plain text", HTTP_OK, TEXT_PLAIN)      # text/plain

With custom status:

return response("Not found", HTTP_NOT_FOUND)

WebSockets

from tina4_python.Websocket import Websocket

@get("/ws/chat")
async def chat_ws(request, response):
    ws = await Websocket(request).connection()
    try:
        while True:
            data = await ws.receive()
            await ws.send(f"Echo: {data}")
    finally:
        await ws.close()
    return response("")

Auto-Discovery

Tina4 automatically loads routes from:

• Any file inside routes/ folder

Zero manual registration required.

Summary Table

Feature	Syntax Example	Notes
Route	@get("/path")	Must be async def
Path Params	/users/{id:int}	Auto-injected + conversion
Query Params	request.params.get("q")	Dict-like
Middleware	@middleware(MyClass)	before_route / after_route
Description	@description("Text")	Populates Swagger UI
Secured	@secured()	Built-in auth guard
Responses	response.json() .file() etc.	All via injected response
WebSockets	@get("/ws") + Websocket(request)	Full async support
Auto-discovery	Drop file in routes/	No config needed

🔥 Hot Tips

• Prefer explicit request, response arguments – they are auto-injected only when needed
• Use response.file() for serving uploads (root is project folder by default)
• Return early in before_route middleware to block the request
• @description is your friend for auto-generated Swagger/OpenAPI docs
• Combine @get + @post on the same function to handle multiple methods cleanly
• Your route files can be anywhere under ./src/routes/ – Tina4 finds them magically
• Always await WebSocket send/receive – they are fully async

Happy routing with Tina4 Python! 🚀