Chapter 30: Tina4 CLI

1. Getting a New Developer Up to Speed

Monday morning. A new developer joins your team. You hand them the repo URL. By 10am they have a running project, a new database model, CRUD routes, a migration, and a deployment to staging. All from the command line. No documentation scavenger hunt. No boilerplate copy-paste.

The Tina4 CLI is a single Rust binary. It manages all four Tina4 frameworks (PHP, Python, Ruby, Node.js). The commands are identical across languages. Learn the CLI for Python. You know it for PHP.

2. tina4 init -- Project Scaffolding

You saw this in Chapter 1. Now the details.

bash

tina4 init my-project

Creating Tina4 project in ./my-project ...
  Detected language: Python (pyproject.toml)
  Created .env
  Created .env.example
  Created .gitignore
  Created src/routes/
  Created src/orm/
  Created src/migrations/
  Created src/seeds/
  Created src/templates/
  Created src/templates/errors/
  Created src/public/
  Created src/public/js/
  Created src/public/css/
  Created src/public/scss/
  Created src/public/images/
  Created src/public/icons/
  Created src/locales/
  Created data/
  Created logs/
  Created secrets/
  Created tests/

Project created! Next steps:
  cd my-project
  uv sync
  tina4 serve

Language Detection

The CLI detects the language from existing files:

File Present	Language
`composer.json`	PHP
`pyproject.toml` or `requirements.txt`	Python
`Gemfile`	Ruby
`package.json`	Node.js

If no language-specific file exists, the CLI asks:

bash

tina4 init my-project

No language detected. Which language?
  1. PHP
  2. Python
  3. Ruby
  4. Node.js
> 2

Creating Tina4 Python project in ./my-project ...

Explicit Language Selection

Skip the prompt by specifying the language:

bash

tina4 init python my-project

This creates a Python project with pyproject.toml, app.py, and the full directory structure.

Init into an Existing Directory

Already have a project? Add Tina4 structure:

bash

cd existing-project
tina4 init .

The CLI creates only files and directories that do not exist. It never overwrites.

3. tina4 serve -- Dev Server

bash

tina4 serve

  Tina4 Python v3.0.0
  HTTP server running at http://0.0.0.0:7145
  WebSocket server running at ws://0.0.0.0:7145
  Live reload enabled
  Press Ctrl+C to stop

tina4 serve detects the language and starts the appropriate server. For Python, it runs uv run python app.py with live reload enabled.

Options

bash

tina4 serve --port 8080        # Custom port
tina4 serve --host 127.0.0.1   # Bind to localhost only
tina4 serve --production       # Production mode (no live reload, debug off)

Direct Python Execution

You can start the server with Python:

bash

uv run python app.py

This is identical to tina4 serve but gives you more control over the Python runtime.

4. tina4 generate model -- ORM Scaffolding

The generate model command creates an ORM model file and a matching migration. One command produces both.

bash

tina4 generate model Product

Created src/orm/product.py
Created src/migrations/20260322120000_create_products_table.sql

The generated model:

python

from tina4_python.orm import ORM

class Product(ORM):
    table_name = "products"
    id: int
    created_at: str

The generated migration:

sql

-- UP
CREATE TABLE products (
    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
    created_at TEXT DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);

-- DOWN
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS products;

The model is ready to use. Add your fields and run migrations.

Adding Fields

Specify fields on the command line:

bash

tina4 generate model Product --fields "name:string,price:float,category:string,in_stock:bool"

The generated model includes all the fields:

python

from tina4_python.orm import ORM

class Product(ORM):
    table_name = "products"
    id: int
    name: str
    price: float
    category: str
    in_stock: bool
    created_at: str

And the migration:

sql

-- UP
CREATE TABLE products (
    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
    name TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
    price REAL NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
    category TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
    in_stock INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
    created_at TEXT DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);

-- DOWN
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS products;

Field Types

CLI Type	Python Type	SQLite Column
`string`	`str`	`TEXT`
`int`	`int`	`INTEGER`
`float`	`float`	`REAL`
`bool`	`bool`	`INTEGER`
`text`	`str`	`TEXT`
`date`	`str`	`TEXT`

Options

Flag	Description	Example
`--fields`	Comma-separated field definitions	`--fields "name:string,price:float"`
`--auto-crud`	Enable auto-CRUD on the model	`--auto-crud`
`--soft-delete`	Add soft delete support	`--soft-delete`
`--no-migration`	Skip migration generation	`--no-migration`
`--with-route`	Also generate a CRUD route file	`--with-route`

5. tina4 generate route -- CRUD Route Scaffolding

The generate route command creates a complete CRUD route file with all five REST endpoints. It reads the model's properties and builds routes with proper imports and response handling.

bash

tina4 generate route products

Created src/routes/products.py

The generated route file:

python

from tina4_python.core.router import get, post, put, delete

@get("/api/products")
async def list_products(request, response):
    page = int(request.params.get("page", 1))
    per_page = int(request.params.get("per_page", 20))
    offset = (page - 1) * per_page

    products, total = Product.where("1=1", [], limit=per_page, offset=offset)
    results = [p.to_dict() for p in products]

    return response({
        "data": results,
        "page": page,
        "per_page": per_page,
        "count": len(results)
    })


@get("/api/products/{product_id}")
async def get_product(request, response):
    product = Product.find(request.params["product_id"])

    if product is None:
        return response({"error": "Product not found"}, 404)

    return response(product.to_dict())


@post("/api/products")
async def create_product(request, response):
    body = request.body

    product = Product()
    product.name = body.get("name", "")
    product.price = float(body.get("price", 0))
    product.category = body.get("category", "")
    product.in_stock = bool(body.get("in_stock", False))
    product.save()

    return response(product.to_dict(), 201)


@put("/api/products/{product_id}")
async def update_product(request, response):
    product = Product.find(request.params["product_id"])

    if product is None:
        return response({"error": "Product not found"}, 404)

    body = request.body
    if "name" in body:
        product.name = body["name"]
    if "price" in body:
        product.price = float(body["price"])
    if "category" in body:
        product.category = body["category"]
    if "in_stock" in body:
        product.in_stock = bool(body["in_stock"])
    product.save()

    return response(product.to_dict())


@delete("/api/products/{product_id}")
async def delete_product(request, response):
    product = Product.find(request.params["product_id"])

    if product is None:
        return response({"error": "Product not found"}, 404)

    product.delete()
    return response(None, 204)

The generator reads the model's properties and creates routes with type casting and None checks. Customize the generated code immediately. It is regular Python, not magic.

Options

Flag	Description	Example
`--prefix`	Custom route prefix (default: `/api`)	`--prefix /api/v2`
`--middleware`	Add middleware to all routes	`--middleware auth_middleware`

6. tina4 generate migration -- Migration Scaffolding

The generate migration command creates a timestamped migration file with UP and DOWN sections. The timestamp ensures migrations run in order.

bash

tina4 generate migration add_category_to_products

Created src/migrations/20260322120500_add_category_to_products.sql

The generated file:

sql

-- UP
-- Add your forward migration SQL here


-- DOWN
-- Add your rollback migration SQL here

Fill in the SQL:

sql

-- UP
ALTER TABLE products ADD COLUMN category TEXT DEFAULT '';

-- DOWN
ALTER TABLE products DROP COLUMN category;

The timestamp prefix (20260322120500) ensures migrations run in order. Each migration runs once. The framework tracks which ones have been applied.

When to Generate a Migration

Generate a new migration when you need to change the database schema after the initial model migration. Adding a column. Creating an index. Renaming a table. Each change gets its own migration file with a unique timestamp.

7. tina4 generate middleware -- Middleware Scaffolding

The generate middleware command creates a middleware function with the correct signature and a placeholder for your logic.

bash

tina4 generate middleware rate_limit

Created src/middleware/rate_limit.py

The generated file:

python

async def rate_limit(request, response, next_handler):
    # Add your middleware logic here

    # Continue to the next middleware or route handler
    return await next_handler(request, response)

    # Or return early to block the request:
    # return response({"error": "Rate limit exceeded"}, 429)

The middleware is a named function. Reference it in route definitions:

python

@get("/api/data", middleware=["rate_limit"])
async def protected_data(request, response):
    return response({"data": "protected"})

8. Generate All at Once

Combine flags to generate multiple files in a single command:

bash

tina4 generate model Product --with-route --with-migration

Created src/orm/product.py
Created src/routes/products.py
Created src/migrations/20260322120000_create_products_table.sql

Model. CRUD routes. Migration. All wired together. Ready to use.

9. tina4 doctor -- Health Check

The doctor command checks your project for common issues:

bash

tina4 doctor

Tina4 Doctor -- Checking your project...

  [OK] Python 3.12.0 detected
  [OK] uv package manager found
  [OK] tina4_python package installed (v3.0.0)
  [OK] .env file exists
  [OK] Database connection: sqlite:///data/app.db
  [OK] Database is accessible
  [OK] src/routes/ directory exists (3 route files)
  [OK] src/orm/ directory exists (2 model files)
  [OK] src/templates/ directory exists (5 templates)
  [OK] src/public/ directory exists (static files served)
  [OK] tests/ directory exists (4 test files)
  [WARN] No migrations found in src/migrations/
  [OK] AI context: Claude Code detected, CLAUDE.md present
  [OK] .gitignore includes .env, data/, logs/

  12 checks passed, 1 warning, 0 errors

Doctor checks:

Python version and package manager
Tina4 package installation and version
.env file existence and critical variables
Database connectivity
Directory structure
Missing files or configurations
AI tool context files
Git configuration

The warnings give actionable advice. If your database is not configured, it tells you exactly what to add to .env.

10. tina4 test -- Running Tests

bash

tina4 test

Running tests...

  ProductTest
    [PASS] test_create_product
    [PASS] test_load_product

  2 tests, 2 passed, 0 failed (0.12s)

This runs all tests in the tests/ directory. See Chapter 18 for full testing documentation.

Test Options

bash

tina4 test --file tests/test_product.py           # Specific file
tina4 test --file tests/test_product.py --method test_create  # Specific method
tina4 test --verbose                                # Show assertion details

11. tina4 routes -- Route Listing

See all registered routes in your project:

bash

tina4 routes

Registered Routes:

  Method  Path                        Handler                     Middleware
  ------  --------------------------  --------------------------  ----------
  GET     /health                     health_check                -
  GET     /api/products               list_products               ResponseCache:300
  GET     /api/products/{product_id}  get_product                 -
  POST    /api/products               create_product              auth_middleware
  PUT     /api/products/{product_id}  update_product              auth_middleware
  DELETE  /api/products/{product_id}  delete_product              auth_middleware
  GET     /api/auth/login             -                           -
  POST    /api/auth/login             login                       -
  GET     /admin                      admin_dashboard             -

  9 routes registered

This is useful for verifying that your routes are registered and for finding the handler function for a specific URL.

Filtering

bash

tina4 routes --method POST          # Filter by HTTP method
tina4 routes --filter products      # Filter by path pattern
tina4 routes --middleware auth      # Filter by middleware

When debugging routing issues, check here first. If a route does not match, tina4 routes shows whether it was registered and what middleware is attached.

12. tina4 migrate -- Database Migrations

Run pending migrations:

bash

tina4 migrate

Running migrations...
  [UP] 20260322000100_create_users_table.sql
  [UP] 20260322000200_create_products_table.sql
  [UP] 20260322000300_add_category_to_products.sql

  3 migrations applied

Rollback

bash

tina4 migrate --down

Rolling back last migration...
  [DOWN] 20260322000300_add_category_to_products.sql

  1 migration rolled back

Migration Table Auto-Upgrade

If your project was created with an earlier version of Tina4, the tina4_migration tracking table may use the older v2 schema. Running tina4 migrate detects the old layout and adds the missing migration_id, batch, and executed_at columns, backfilling existing data. No manual intervention needed.

Status

bash

tina4 migrate --status

Migration Status:

  Status    Migration
  --------  -----------------------------------------
  Applied   20260322000100_create_users_table.sql
  Applied   20260322000200_create_products_table.sql
  Applied   20260322000300_add_category_to_products.sql
  Pending   20260322000400_create_orders_table.sql

  3 applied, 1 pending

13. Exercise: Scaffold a Feature in 5 Commands

Scaffold a complete "Customer" feature from scratch using only CLI commands.

Requirements

Starting from an existing Tina4 Python project, run 5 commands to create:

A Customer ORM model with name, email, phone, and company fields
A CRUD route file with all five REST endpoints
A migration that creates the customers table
Run the migration to create the table
Run the doctor to verify everything

Expected Commands

bash

# 1. Generate the model with route and migration
tina4 generate model Customer --with-route --with-migration

# 2. Edit the model to add fields (manual step)
# Add fields to src/orm/customer.py

# 3. Edit the migration to add columns (manual step)
# Add columns to the migration file

# 4. Run the migration
tina4 migrate

# 5. Run the doctor to verify everything is set up
tina4 doctor

Solution

Command 1: Generate everything:

bash

tina4 generate model Customer --with-route --with-migration

Command 2: Edit src/orm/customer.py:

python

from tina4_python.orm import ORM

class Customer(ORM):
    table_name = "customers"

    id: int
    name: str
    email: str
    phone: str
    company: str
    created_at: str

Command 3: Edit the migration file:

sql

-- UP
CREATE TABLE customers (
    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
    name TEXT NOT NULL,
    email TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
    phone TEXT,
    company TEXT,
    created_at TEXT DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);

CREATE INDEX idx_customers_email ON customers(email);

-- DOWN
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS customers;

Command 4: Run the migration:

bash

tina4 migrate

Running migrations...
  [UP] 20260322120000_create_customers_table.sql

  1 migration applied

Command 5: Verify with doctor:

bash

tina4 doctor

  [OK] src/orm/ directory exists (3 model files)
  [OK] src/routes/ directory exists (4 route files)
  [OK] Database connection: sqlite:///data/app.db
  ...

Now test the API:

bash

curl -X POST http://localhost:7145/api/customers \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"name": "Alice Corp", "email": "alice@corp.com", "phone": "+1-555-0100", "company": "Alice Corp"}'

json

{
  "id": 1,
  "name": "Alice Corp",
  "email": "alice@corp.com",
  "phone": "+1-555-0100",
  "company": "Alice Corp",
  "created_at": "2026-03-22 12:00:00"
}

From zero to a working CRUD API. Five commands. Under two minutes.

14. Gotchas

1. tina4 Command Not Found

Problem: Running tina4 gives "command not found".

Cause: The Tina4 CLI is not installed or not in your PATH.

Fix: Install the CLI: curl -fsSL https://tina4.com/install.sh | sh. Verify with tina4 --version. If installed but not found, add the installation directory to your PATH:

bash

echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.tina4/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
source ~/.zshrc

2. Wrong Language Detected

Problem: tina4 init creates a PHP project instead of Python.

Cause: A composer.json file exists in the directory from a previous project.

Fix: Use explicit language selection: tina4 init python my-project. Or delete the conflicting language file before running init.

3. Generated Files Overwrite Existing Code

Problem: Running tina4 generate route products overwrites your custom route file.

Cause: The generate command creates files at fixed paths. If the file exists, it is overwritten.

Fix: The CLI warns you before overwriting. Check if the file exists first. If you need to regenerate, rename the existing file: mv src/routes/products.py src/routes/products_backup.py.

4. Migration Order Issues

Problem: A migration fails because it references a table that does not exist yet.

Cause: Migration files run in alphabetical (timestamp) order. If migration B depends on a table created by migration A, but A has a later timestamp, B runs first and fails.

Fix: Use consistent timestamps. The tina4 generate migration command uses the current timestamp. Generating migrations in order ensures correct execution order. If you need to fix ordering, rename the migration files to adjust their timestamps.

5. tina4 serve Uses Wrong Port

Problem: tina4 serve starts on port 7145 but you need port 8080.

Cause: The default port is 7145 unless overridden.

Fix: Set it in .env: TINA4_PORT=8080. Or pass it as a flag: tina4 serve --port 8080. The .env value takes precedence over the default. The command-line flag overrides everything.

6. Doctor Shows False Warnings

Problem: tina4 doctor warns about missing migrations, but your project does not use migrations.

Cause: Doctor checks for common conventions. It warns about missing migrations regardless of your approach.

Fix: These are warnings, not errors. Ignore warnings that do not apply to your project. Doctor is a guide, not a gatekeeper.

7. Generate Creates Python 3.12+ Syntax

Problem: Generated code uses type: int syntax that does not work in Python 3.10.

Cause: The generator targets the latest Python version supported by Tina4.

Fix: Use Python 3.12 or later with Tina4 Python. Check your Python version with python --version. If you must use an older version, modify the generated code to use compatible syntax.

8. Model Name Must Be PascalCase

Problem: tina4 generate model order_item creates a model class named order_item which is not valid Python convention.

Cause: The CLI uses the argument as-is for the class name.

Fix: Use PascalCase for model names: tina4 generate model OrderItem. The CLI converts it to snake_case for the table name (order_items).

15. Documentation

bash

tina4 docs      # Download framework-specific book chapters to .tina4-docs/
tina4 books     # Download the complete Tina4 book (all languages) to tina4-book/

tina4 docs detects your project language and downloads only the relevant chapters. The documentation is available in Markdown format, optimised for AI tools and local reference.

16. Test Port (Dual-Port Development)

When TINA4_DEBUG=true, Tina4 automatically starts a second HTTP server on port + 1000:

Main port (e.g. 7145) — hot-reload enabled, for AI dev tools
Test port (e.g. 8145) — stable, no hot-reload, for user testing

This prevents the browser from refreshing mid-test when AI tools edit files.

Setting	Effect
`TINA4_NO_AI_PORT=true`	Disables the test port entirely
`TINA4_NO_RELOAD=true`	Disables hot-reload on the main port too
`--no-reload`	CLI flag equivalent of TINA4_NO_RELOAD

Chapter 30: Tina4 CLI ​

1. Getting a New Developer Up to Speed ​

2. tina4 init -- Project Scaffolding ​

Language Detection ​

Explicit Language Selection ​

Init into an Existing Directory ​

3. tina4 serve -- Dev Server ​

Options ​

Direct Python Execution ​

4. tina4 generate model -- ORM Scaffolding ​

Adding Fields ​

Field Types ​

Options ​

5. tina4 generate route -- CRUD Route Scaffolding ​

Options ​

6. tina4 generate migration -- Migration Scaffolding ​

When to Generate a Migration ​

7. tina4 generate middleware -- Middleware Scaffolding ​

8. Generate All at Once ​

9. tina4 doctor -- Health Check ​

10. tina4 test -- Running Tests ​

Test Options ​

11. tina4 routes -- Route Listing ​

Filtering ​

12. tina4 migrate -- Database Migrations ​

Rollback ​

Migration Table Auto-Upgrade ​

Status ​

13. Exercise: Scaffold a Feature in 5 Commands ​

Requirements ​

Expected Commands ​

Solution ​

14. Gotchas ​

1. tina4 Command Not Found ​

2. Wrong Language Detected ​

3. Generated Files Overwrite Existing Code ​

4. Migration Order Issues ​

5. tina4 serve Uses Wrong Port ​

6. Doctor Shows False Warnings ​

7. Generate Creates Python 3.12+ Syntax ​

8. Model Name Must Be PascalCase ​

15. Documentation ​

16. Test Port (Dual-Port Development) ​

Chapter 30: Tina4 CLI

1. Getting a New Developer Up to Speed

2. tina4 init -- Project Scaffolding

Language Detection

Explicit Language Selection

Init into an Existing Directory

3. tina4 serve -- Dev Server

Options

Direct Python Execution

4. tina4 generate model -- ORM Scaffolding

Adding Fields

Field Types

Options

5. tina4 generate route -- CRUD Route Scaffolding

Options

6. tina4 generate migration -- Migration Scaffolding

When to Generate a Migration

7. tina4 generate middleware -- Middleware Scaffolding

8. Generate All at Once

9. tina4 doctor -- Health Check

10. tina4 test -- Running Tests

Test Options

11. tina4 routes -- Route Listing

Filtering

12. tina4 migrate -- Database Migrations

Rollback

Migration Table Auto-Upgrade

Status

13. Exercise: Scaffold a Feature in 5 Commands

Requirements

Expected Commands

Solution

14. Gotchas

1. tina4 Command Not Found

2. Wrong Language Detected

3. Generated Files Overwrite Existing Code

4. Migration Order Issues

5. tina4 serve Uses Wrong Port

6. Doctor Shows False Warnings

7. Generate Creates Python 3.12+ Syntax

8. Model Name Must Be PascalCase

15. Documentation

16. Test Port (Dual-Port Development)